Research Paper, Journalism, mass media and communication Paper

, Journalism, broad communications and correspondence - Research Paper Example Along these lines, one is left to think about how this immense measure of information is investigated. Furthermore, what models are being utilized to dissect such information and what is their exactness. All the more so what presumptions are made while examining the figures? At the point when these components are distinctly thought of, there rises a moral issue that encompasses the entire procedure. For instance, are the figures being utilized to estimate or tell the genuine situation of an issue or are they being utilized as tolls to control individuals. Promoters and clients of ads have grasped on the assistance profited by the utilization of huge information strategies. A decent outline to this is the crusade teams’ particularly for political profession. Numerous legislators have discovered the utilization of assessments of public sentiment supportive in light of the fact that they can control them. In such a case, the clients of such surveys (voters) are tricked to accepti ng that a given competitor is well in front of different adversaries (Fahy 1-2). To finish up, the job being played by huge information strategies is gigantic and supportive to promoters or venders. Be that as it may, when utilized for individual addition along these lines concealing the genuine situation of any issue it goes to be unscrupulous. It denies off the residents their opportunity of decision and freedom to make calm decisions. On account of political promoting, it denies the residents their entitlement to majority rules system. Conclusion Leader Campaigns Opinion pioneers are characterized as individuals with a persuasive attribute in a given society. As a rule, sentiment pioneers are change operators and dynamic media clients. To express that they are dynamic media clients is for the sole reason for conveying their message to a wide crowd who care about the feelings, industry, belief system or interests. It is consistent with not that each industry has its own assessment heads. For instance, Bill entryways originator of Microsoft is an assessment chief in the innovation business. All the more so Al Gore is another feeling head in the earth mindfulness industry. Be that as it may, the jobs played by conclusion pioneers must be veritable and must be liberated from noxiousness. Feeling pioneers must use their impact cautiously with the goal that their activities and articulations to not affect contrarily on their supporters. They ought to comprehend they numerous individuals see tom as good examples. Another part of conclusion authority is their nearby connect to the media. The assessments of these pioneers are distributed or facilitated by writers. Along these lines, without proficient writer the thoughts and assessments of these pioneers would not contact its crowd. Henceforth, columnist progresses the assessments of these pioneers while the conclusion chiefs depend on writers to spread their supposition and include the discussion (Nisbet and Kotche r 328-354). The most prominent preferred position of assessment pioneers is their capacity to shape sentiments that are compelling. They are compelling such cap they can move an assessment that guarantees appropriate enactment are passed, or unforgiving principles are polished. In any case, if a feeling head isn't ken on their announcements they might be misquoted, and their supporter may cause disorder. For instance, feeling pioneers may cause a war or removals of specific gatherings like the gay, Jews, among others. Secrecy advertising An effective promoting effort must have the option to initiate an adjustment in conduct in the individuals it is proposed for. These initiated changes might be as far as casting a ballot inclinations individual worth, purchasing conduct since any commercial ought to be questioned at changing the current conduct. In the ongoing past, most promotions have made individuals to act in a suspicious way because of the believability of the commercials. Most commercials are not genuine or believable. Further, research has demonstrated that the informal advertising is

Kecak Dance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Kecak Dance - Essay Example This is clear from the male gender’s checkered outfits won from the abdomen other than the performers’ cluster as they do the move. From its initiation to date, the move has earned itself an exceptional popularity all inclusive attributable to its grand angles that involve the whole execution, which this paper tries to expand. Kecak Dance includes an amalgamation of different Indian social expulsion developments and subjects whose reason involved to describe Ramayana account (Ubud). The move speaks to 1930s’ work done by both Wayan Limbak and Walter Spies, where due to their colossal and changed expertise, rose with a move that is of its own classification (Cormier). These authors sourced thoughts from the Indian culture whereby they combined them with the ability they had with the goal of describing Ramayana account by acting. This is showed from the different perspectives delineating Walter Spies’ imaginative touch, for outline, checkered jeans, fluctuat ed expends having mythical serpent pictures, and the performers’ captivating cluster while moving. The dance’s makers expected to introduce their arrangement toward the Western visitors, consequently inciting Wayan Limbak to promoting it internationally. Hence, Wayan Limbak wound up shaping troupes intended to sort out various capacities internationally with the goal of contacting numerous individuals (Cormier). Kecak move is one of the various Indian articulations of Ramayana account. Basically, this is Hindu epic where specialists from its origin have conceived various approaches to speak to it, for outline, cutting and in any event, utilizing canvas (Bakan 88). The record begins with the appearance of Rama joined by his better half Sita and quick sibling Laksmana in the wilderness. Inferable from the Rama grandmother’s duplicity, the trio ended up banished to the Dandaka timberland where they thought would offer them security they required. Alternately, every one of their activities and missions in the woods were under the perception of evil presence Rahwana. The evil presence began pining for Sita where it looked for methods of isolating the trio to kidnap her from the two men. The achievement of this strategic by means of his head administrator who changed himself to a brilliant deer to bait Rama away from the spouse. At that point the devil moved toward Sita as a ravenous cleric urgently needing help (Bakan 86). At long last, the stunt succeeded, where Rahwana kidnapped the spouse and continued with her to his royal residence. Rama and his sibling on acknowledging what befell Sita, they left on a hunt crucial to save her from the wicked realm with the guide of Sugriwa’s monkey armed force. This is apparent from the dance’s certain developments that are like those of monkeys, as they attempt to put off fire while drawing in Meganada until they crushed him. Henceforth, the story goes about as the subject if the move where entertainers describe it utilizing activities other than reciting (Nettl et al 89). At first, in 1930s the Kecak dance’s entertainers were just men, however as years advanced the coordinators included ladies. Since, a portion of its scenes’ jobs involved female entertainers, for example, the Sita’s position who was Rama’s accomplice. The most captivating part of the Kecak move is its special method of arranging. Since, the crowd without legitimate information on its topical record can see it as being unreasonable and free intrigue. Along these lines, the coordinators mostly guarantee there is sufficient writing

How to Come Up With Fantastic Fiction Essay Topics

How to Come Up With Fantastic Fiction Essay TopicsFiction essay topics can be quite challenging to come up with, especially when it comes to writing topics. There are a lot of people out there who will be disappointed if you do not present them with a compelling argument for why you should take their place. This is the reason why many writers find fiction essay topics to be quite daunting.However, with a little effort, you will discover how easy it is to come up with a good and compelling essay topic. There are some very basic things that you need to do in order to come up with an essay topic that is successful. The first thing that you need to do is to write about a problem that you have with your current situation. The reason why this is important is because if you write about something that you have difficulty talking about, then you will never be able to convey your thoughts effectively.Writing about your problems will force you to come up with a solution to your problems. In oth er words, you will be forced to come up with a way of coping with your problems that is logical and practical. If you are able to come up with a solution to your problems, then you will have more control over your life and you will no longer have to worry about facing your problems. As a result, you will have a much easier time managing your future.Another thing that you need to keep in mind when coming up with essay topics that are effective is to focus on what you do well. Of course, the reason why you are writing the essay in the first place is to give yourself a chance to shine. Therefore, if you focus on something that you do well, then you will be able to use your ideas effectively and you will be able to present them in the best way possible.If you are a good writer, then you will be able to come up with fiction essay topics that are so effective that they will really impress your readers. Many people tend to believe that essays are not very effective but the truth is that th ey are very effective and entertaining. As a matter of fact, people love to read essays when they are able to get information from them. However, this is not always possible and when it is, it is usually at the expense of the reader.If you are ever stuck and cannot come up with a logical answer to the question that you are reading, then it is best that you take a break and think about it. After all, if you are not able to come up with a logical answer to the question that you are reading, then the only thing that you can do is to write about it. When you are able to do this, then you will be able to come up with a logical and sensible argument that will convince people that you are right.Once you have come up with some logical and coherent essay topics, then you should always remember to consider your audience. Remember that you are writing for a specific group of people that may be reading your essay. Therefore, if you are writing for those who are older, then you should focus on t heir needs and your topics should be something that will make them feel important.Keep in mind that college students are different from the rest of the population. Therefore, you should not always make everything sound as if it is supposed to appeal to the young and old crowd. Keep it simple and keep in mind the target audience.

Anabolic Steroids And Its Effects On Sports Essay

Anabolic Steroids Anabolic steroids are a substance that is most commonly used by a small number of athletes take to make their body stronger, get bigger, and recover quicker. They are synthetic substance that is similar to the male hormone testosterone(Steroid Effects). They can be taken in several forms such as shot,pill or gel. The arguments for and against steroids are very common and there are several strong points made for each argument. Steroids are extremely powerful substances that have powerful effects on the body, effects on athletic performance, and effects on sports. Steroids are known for causing people to have emotional issues, which is where the term â€Å"roid rage† comes from. Forty-nine percent of steroid user have adverse personality changes(Silverstein 43). It will likely cause users to begin to be emotionally unstable or commonly in a bad mood.Steroids can cause increased aggressiveness, abnormal sexaul behavoir, and possible criminal behavior(Effects of Performance-Enhancing Drugs).Steroid users can also experience delusions and uncontrollable high amounts of energy(Steroid Effects). Friends will start to not hang out with you as much as usual because who wants to be friends with someone who is moody all the time. Is losing friends, becoming emotionally unstable, on top of the physical side-effects, worth it? The main effect steroids have is the physical change on a person’s body. The main reason that people,specifically athletes, take steroids isShow MoreRelatedAnabolic Androgenic Steroids Is A Huge Problem Among Today s Athletes857 Words   |  4 PagesComposition Mrs. Vidden 14 January 2015 Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Abuse in Professional Sports Anabolic-androgenic steroids are a huge problem amongst today’s athletes. The use of these drugs has been around for many years in sports. Understanding anabolic-androgenic steroids and why people take them is needed in the process of trying to eliminate them from professional sports. Also, players knowing and understanding how the negatives of anabolic-androgenic steroid use outweigh the positives will hopefullyRead MoreAnabolic Steroid Use in Sports Summary1493 Words   |  6 PagesAnabolic Steroid use in Sports The competitive drive to win at all cost is fierce among athletes. Winning at all cost often includes using one of many performance enhancing drugs such as anabolic steroids. Many athletes use performance enhancing drugs, like steroids, to achieve higher goals and set higher records than other drug-free successful athletes. Although athletes are performing at higher levels when using such drugs, what is the cost? Finally anabolic steroids should remain bannedRead MoreSports Philosophy And Recreation : Anabolic Steroids1430 Words   |  6 PagesSports Philosophy and Recreation Are Anabolic Steroids Important Of Body Building? I will argue no that anabolic steroids are not important for body building because they have great negative effects. The use of anabolic steroids has been discouraged over the years because of their side effects, and they are against the philosophy of sports. The steroids are medicine and protein supplements that aid in the body building. I hugely oppose the notion that anabolic steroid are imperative in buildingRead MoreCase Study : Mr. Big Of New Zealand 1624 Words   |  7 Pagesnumbered and is trying (in spite of his slurred speech and hard-to-follow thought processes) to spread a message before he dies. That message is: DO NOT ABUSE ENHANCMENT DRUGS AND STEROIDS. Justin’s primary method of achieving his size was to experiment with whatever enhancement drug he could get his hands on including steroids. He basically turned his body into his own scientific guinea pig experimenting with enhancement drugs of all kinds to fi nd the quickest way to gain size and strength. JustinRead MoreAbstract. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids Are Ergogenic Resources1723 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Anabolic Androgenic Steroids are ergogenic resources commonly used by athletes in search of better achievement performances. However, the use of these substances by non-athletes, for aesthetic purposes, have become a growing problem in gyms and sports centers. This conduct has favored the indiscriminate and abusive use of these steroids, exposing its users to health risks. Anabolic steroids are a subset of androgens, namely, synthetic compounds derived from testosterone, developed for therapeuticRead MoreAnabolic Steroids Summary Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesThesis: Anabolic Steroids are powerful drugs that help the body gain mass, but also hurts the body with drastic side effects. I. Basic Information A. Anabolic Steroids Aid Body Growth B. Have Drastic Side Effects II. Side Effects of Steroids A. Ways to tell somebody may be using steroids B. Side effects of Steroids in Males C. Side effects of Steroids in Females III. Different Types of Anabolic Steroids A. Oral Anabolic Steroids B. Intravenous Anabolic Steroids IV. Teen UsageRead MoreAnabolic Steroids Have On The Body1637 Words   |  7 PagesAnabolic androgenic steroids are a synthetic version of testosterone which one injects into the body. There are many different types of steroids however the most commonly abused are stimulants, HGH (Human Growth Hormone), diuretics, and testosterone. Although the body naturally produces testosterone many athletes, especially bodybuilders, take steroids to increase lean muscle mass, strength, and performance. Anabolic androgenic steroids are a controversial topic within sports. The main concern withRead MoreAnabolic Steroids : Use And Performance Enhancing Drugs1516 Words   |  7 Pages The Debate over Anabolic Steroids The use of performance enhancing drugs like anabolic steroids has been a debatable topic in the United States as early as the 1950’s. Former U. S. Representative Howard Berman expresses that â€Å"Steroids can seem necessary to compete at the highest level, and the quick rewards may seem to outweigh the long term consequences to users.† The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) states that countless athletes, both young and old, face life threatening illnesses dueRead MoreThe Use of Steroids in Professional Sports Essay1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe Use of Steroids in Professional Sports They’re among the world’s most controversial drugs. Not Heroin, Ganja, Coke or Crystal Meth, but Anabolic Steroids. Steroids are medical treatments that come in two varieties: Anabolic Steroids and Corticosteroids. These are both synthetic versions of hormones produced naturally in the body but they perform two completely different tasks. Corticosteroids are used by doctors to decrease inflammation. Anabolic Steroids are the familiar term for the syntheticRead More Steroids and Sports Essay1324 Words   |  6 PagesSteroids and Sports Steroids, ever since their introduction into the sports world five decades ago, they have been a controversial issue (WebMD medical news). Anabolic performance dates as far back as the original Olympic Games. Today walking into any gym you will find some one who is using steroids or some kind of enhancement supplement. Anabolic steroids are so popular with athletes from high School level all the way up to the top. For the past fifty years, athletes around the world use steroids

America s Deep Puritan And Calvinist Roots - 841 Words

The early 1800s in America were a tumultuous time. Fresh off the Revolutionary War, America was faced with the daunting task of finding her identity and creating new government and new ways of life. This was also a time of great religious change, in that the Second Great Awakening was sweeping the nation. America’s deep Puritan and Calvinist roots were being challenged head on as the Evangelicals spread a new message that salvation was no longer predestined, but was available to all if one chose it. A great duality was emerging in the ideas of boundless freedom versus the need for a central government, demand for security in the form of Constitutional rights versus the hypocrisy that inferior races were not included as â€Å"all men†, and the new idea that God’s love was available to all instead of the chosen few. The shedding of old ideas created a sense of excitement and possibility, yet also a fear of the unknown. If we apply Mary Russell Mitford’ s observation that â€Å"there are few things that give a completer [sic] picture of the habits of living, and the ways of thinking of a foreign country, than it’s lighter literature† to this period in American History, we get a sense of the loss of certainty, discontent, and hypocrisy that was present at the time. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† we have an allegory that appears to be quite obvious. The pious young Brown literally and figuratively leaves his â€Å"Faith† and embarks on a walk with the devil. During hisShow MoreRelatedRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesand the Spirit of Capitalism, Weber explores the distinctive characteristic of rationalization in the West and argues that it has its roots in Puritan Protestant theology and practices. He seeks to demonstrate that capitalism in the West is characterized by rational calculation, which matches means with ends. This rationalization grew out of the Calvinist-Puritan ethos in which believers systematized their behavior in order to bring glory to God and to prove their election by Him through success

The Real World And Morality Will Help Us Make The Point Essay

If you believe you have to tell your kids that Santa Claus exists in order to give them gifts on Christmas day, you are completely out of your mind. Oh no! what am I saying? I meant if you think your kids should believe in a higher power so that they learn empathy, humility, and respect towards their fellow human beings, you are probably doing a bad job as a parent. I suggest you work on the adoption papers. This is not an attack on any specific religion. I come to believe as I am growing up that religion has certainly not kept someone from being â€Å"bad† and it is on any case a pre-requisite in order to be or do â€Å"good.† An analysis of the real world and morality would help us make the point. I am a skeptic, you get it right, but bear with me. I am on any case trying to dismiss religion as an institution that might be able to do good things and keep your child in a good path. It is vital that we understand that morality doesn’t come from a book or some guy in the sky or for the matter in religion at all. We are human beings, and the moment we realize that we are one specie, how we feel and what others feel should matter. Teaching kids to treating their like-people the same way they want to be treated doesn’t need to involve religion at all. As the sociologist Phil Zuckerman would put it: â€Å"My own ongoing research among secular Americans — as well as that of a handful of other social scientists who have only recently turned their gaze on secular culture — confirms thatShow MoreRelatedThe Road By Cormac Mccarthy1729 Words   |  7 PagesGood moral is what makes a good person. Why would you want to be good when everything around you is bad? How can you want to be the better person when the only a reason to live is to avoid death? Morality is a principle concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. The road is a novel written by Cormac McCarthy that tells the story of a boy and a man fighting the dead society. The world has been destroyed, cities have burned, and more than half of the population hasRead MoreThere’S Not One Right Food, But Clear Distinction Between1326 Words   |  6 PagesThere’s not one right food, but clear distinction between food and poisin. Problems arising from subjectivity â€Å"The fact that there is no right answer to what is food does not tempt us to say that there are no truths to be known about human nutrition† Like chess, a domain of perfect objectivity. The fact that there are exeptions to rules that are generally good like dont loose your queen does not mean its subjective Who are we to say that its wrong for the proud denasins of an ancient culture toRead MoreThe Moral Argument1723 Words   |  7 Pagespeople often refrain from immoral acts even when there is no risk of their being caught? There are many formulations of the moral argument but they all have as their starting point the phenomenon (fact) of moral conscience. In essence the moral argument poses the question: where does our conscience, our sense of morality come from if not from God? It also asserts that if we accept the existence of objective moral laws we must accept the existence of a divine law-giver. It is an argument thereforeRead MoreThe Double Citizenship of Human Existence-Kant Essay1110 Words   |  5 Pagesnot experience the world directly, but we do so by using certain intrinsic cognitive concepts. â€Å"Appearances, to the extent that as objects they are thought in accordance with the unity of categories, are called phenomena. If, however, I suppose there to be things that are merely objects of the understanding and that, nevertheless, can be given an intuition, although not to sensible intuition, then such things would be called noumena.† (A249) According to Kant, it is crucial to make a distinction betweenRead MoreOn Being an Atheist1605 Words   |  7 Pagescan have the glory. He believes to live in this world, you must be comfortable. The introduction of his article, he implements an overview of arguments given by the theist, which he introduces as proofs. He claims that the proofs do not create a rationalization to believe that God exists. He provides 3 theist proofs, which are Cosmological argument, teleological argument, and the argument of design. He also mentions the presence of evil in the world. He focuses on the existence of evil to try toRead MoreAbortion Must Be Legal Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history there have been major decisions that have to be made. Those decisions define the society that makes them. Today in Americans history we have two or three decisions that could change how people look back at us. Abortion is one of the major topics talked about by everyone; from politicians to teenagers, everyone has their own opinions, but not many people can back up there argument with facts or statistics. They can’t say for example what the cost of living in a major city is forRead MoreImmanuel Kant: A Philosopher Who Influenced Society843 Words   |  4 PagesKant was born in April 22, 1724 in Kingdom of Prussia, German and died on February 12, 1804 at age 79. Philosopher Immanuel Kant composed different point of views to courage that we understand the world better. Kant is trying to tell us that there are many things that evolve around this world and that every little single element that we do makes the world what it is. Kant is well known for his work in the philosophy of ethics and metaphysics; also, he made an important astronomical discovery on theRead More Mere Christianity by C.S. Lewis Essay1093 Words   |  5 PagesChristian belief. Lewis does not say there is any particular way to believe but he does make a point that the topic of religion itself is serious. As you consider whether you want to believe or not, you have to recognize how much thought it requires, and how thought provoking a process this decision is. Lewis covers Christianity in four different books within his book. In book one, Lewis discusses the Law of Nature and makes note of a tendency in humans of appealing to a standard of absolute truth in quarrelsRead MoreIndividualism Vs Collectivism And Collectivism Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesTITLE : Individualism vs Collectivism ABSTRACT Our world is a so vastly populated that the presence of differences among various socio-economic groups is natural phenomenon. One aspect among these differences is Individualism and Collectivism. Individualism can be observed in countries like USA, Canada, Netherlands, etc. while collectivism can be observed in Venezuela, Ecuador, etc.. While we study this topic one natural question comes to our mind is which Individualism or Collectivism should beRead MoreHumans Are The Lowest Animals1480 Words   |  6 Pagesessay which is about The Lowest Animal man even said that they were patriots and religious –according to them they were the most one- on the World. However, human kind were wrong that they had misunderstood being the highest animal on the world. Twain was right about his statements about the Morality that makes us more demonic animals. Also Twain has a point about our behaviour.Twain thought that we were killing more animals just for our passion instead of ma king shift, and he also uttered that we

Chief Executive Officer of Fortescue †Free Samples for Students

Question: What Is The Work Is Chief Executive Officer Of Fortescue? Answer: Introducation The chief executive officer of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd who is known as Mr. Forrest was declared some information on behalf of the company to the Australia securities exchange. This action amounted to a representation that was aiming at the current investors and other willing investors (Forrest v ASIC, 2011). It bears noting that the information that was passed by the director Mr. Forrest was sourced from a document which had the company seal of Fortescue Metals Group Ltd. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd had been given the exclusive sanction to engage in mining activities in Western Australia. However, so that they could find good use of the iron ore it was imperative that they construct a railway line which was purposed to transport the iron ore minerals being mined to Port Hedland where a port would be constructed. Fortescue Metals Group Ltd made three different contracts with Chinese companies for the railway construction. Mr. Forrest wrote a letter which gave a clear detail of the contents of the agreement that was made between Fortescue Metals Group Ltd and China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) which is among the companies that was expected to construct the railway to Port Hedland (Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd, 2011). Mr Forrest proceed to make a statement to the media explaining that the agreement that Fortescue Metals Group Ltd entered with China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) was binding in the two parties and a certain price was made with China Railway Engineering Corporation agreeing that it will suffer any risk thereafter. The information that Mr. Forrest explained to the media did not give the complete details of the agreement. During the media briefing Mr. Forrest made acclamations that the price was competitive although he did not give sufficient details to explain the price details of the agreement suggesting that it was confid ent information. While performing its duty mandated by the law, the Australian Securities and Investments Commissions main allegation was founded on section 1041H of the Act, which stated that the director of FMG was in breach of that provision by giving information that amounted to misleading and deceptive conduct (Corporations Act 2001). The allegation that was made by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission is that Mr. Forrest had breached the duties of a director envisaged in Sec 180(1) of the Corporations Act 2001. Director Duties Breached A director has a duty under the common law and statutory through section 180(1) to act with due diligence and care as they carry put their mandate in a company (ASIC v MacDonald, 2009). The duty to exercise due diligence is also expected from an officer of the company officer who is involved in the management activities of the company such as decision making. Conversely, the director has a duty to ensure that all his actions are anchored on the idea that the best interest of the company is always the priority of all actions and any action must be made for the sole benefit of the company (Lagunas Nitrate Co v Lagunas Syndicate, 1899). When acting for the company it is the duty of the director to exercise reasonable skill and care. It is instructive to note that the corporations act has given a director a duty not to take part in misleading or deceptive conduct (Corporations Act 2001 s1041H (1)). The duty of a director not mislead or deceive has also been envisaged under section 12DA ( 1) of the Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 gives the commission power to bring an action and prosecute any director that is found culpable of misleading and deceiving conduct. The duties of a director under Australia Law serve to vigilantly safeguard the interest of the shareholders in the company. It is imperative to note that an action for misleading and deceptive conduct will succeed if the representations of the director had a negative effect on the target audience causing loss or damage (Taco Bell of Australia Inc. v Taco Bell Pty Ltd, 1928). It is not sufficient to prove misleading and deceptive conduct if the targeted audience merely made fanciful inferences that could not have emanated from the alleged misleading and deceptive conduct (AstraZeneca v GSK, 2006). It is interesting to note that in the case of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Singtel Optus Pty Ltd (2010) held that a director will still be held to have breached the duty not to mislead or deceive in trade or commerce despite the fact that the audience did not respond to the representation or they did not suffer any harm. Arguments: Reason for Breach The submission by the various parties in this tried to show whether there was a breach of any of the director duties under the corporations act especially whether Forrest exercised the duty of care and due diligence which is ordinarily to be done by a reasonable being during similar corporate position, by making the announcements concerning the company. At the proceeding, the main ground of claim made by Australian Securities Investments Commission (ASIC) against the Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG) was that the company and the director Mr. Forrest acted in contravention of section 1041H of the Corporations Act by engaging in misleading and deceptive conduct. The Australian Securities Investments Commission further argued that their misleading and deceptive engagement amounted to a breach of the legal duties of a director running a company in Australia. The agreement that Mr. Forrest purportedly declared was a binding agreement between Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (FMG) and the China Railway Engineering Corporation (CREC) was misleading and deceiving the investors. The ASIC also argued that the statement that CREC would undertake to construct the railway by giving the appropriate finance for the construction and that the agreement was made in writing and signed between the two parties was misrepresentation. In fact ASIC averred before court that the preceding statement was not even included as a term in the written agreement purportedly insinuated by Forrest the director. Further, ASIC also pasted that CREC was not even contracted to construct railway because there was no any enforceable contract recognized in law passing to them a contractual obligation. On the other hand, ASIC argued that the statement that was made by Forrest which has the supposition that there was a binding and enforceable contract between his company where he held the capacity of a director and CREC was not a true assertion and Mr. Forrest was liable for misleading and deceptive conduct under the Corporation Act 2001. The misrepresentation made by Mr. Forrest was purposed to deceive and mislead the investors by creating an abstract notion that there were contractual obligation between the two parties. On the contrary there was a considerable amount of evidence that FMG and Mr. Forrest failed to discredit because any attempt to prove that the assertion were actually statement of fact would make them not be liable for breach of duty. Although it is blatant that the intention of the party making a misleading and deceptive statement cannot be used as a test for determining whether the director breach the duty, it suffices to say that Mr. Forrest section was premised on an factual intention to deceive and mislead. The ASIC in fact persuaded the court that assertions proclaimed by Mr. Forrest were mere statement of opinion which easily attracts the liability of misleading and deceptive action. Reason for Judgment The issue that presented to the court was mainly a determination of if there was a breach of s 1041H of the Corporations Act which amounts to a misleading and deceptive conduct. The defendants in the case were Mr. Forrest who was alleged to have breached his duties as a director of a company. The other claim that was presented to the court was whether the conduct that Mr. Forrest engaged in through making false representations with intent to deceive and mislead the investors of the company. They also had to establish the truth behind the assertion made by Mr. Forrest that there was an agreement and it was binding upon the two parties. The court was also put to task to establish whether the representation made by Mr. Forrest amounted to a fact or an opinion. The court also sought to determine through application of legal tests whether a reasonable person who was having a similar position as Mr. Forrest would have acted in the same way he did. It bears noting that the judges has reason to believe, on a balance of the legal and academic opinions, that the representations made by Mr. Forrest could be regarded as a statement of opinion and therefore they were misleading and deceptive. The majority of the judges however noted that whether the representations represented a fact or an opinion was a trivial matter that should not affect the decision of the court but the cardinal duty of the court was to safeguard the interest of current investors and potential investors. The unanimous view was that the sole duty of the judges was explain if section 1041H of the Corporations Act has actually been contravened by the director and intention of the director was not a issue for determination of the court since it was not necessary to evince liability. The agreed decision by the entire court was that Forrest was not liable breach of his duties that have ben placed on him according to the law. According to the court the proclamations made by Forrest that the there was a legal a greement entered to by CREC and FMG was not misleading and deceptive. This is premised on the fact that Forrest made the assertions in good faith and reasonable people could not believe that the information that he passed was false. The decision was surprising because the evidence adduced by ASIC was persuasive and convincing but the decisions of the court carried the day. Conclusion The duties f a director that formed the flesh of this study is the duty not to give misleading and deceptive information, duty of care and due diligence and duty to act in the best interest of the company. The high court, however, majorly concentrated on the duty to avoid misleading and deceptive practice. It bears noting that these duties have been envisaged under section 180 of the corporation act 2001. The statutory law and common law in Australia has created a created great significance in the duties of the director. He is expected to practice his fiduciary duties and act in the best interest of the company activities and not to satisfy his own selfish interest. The director should also be competent in his duties. The high court in Forrest case although they ruled in favor of FMG and the director insisted on the importance of the duties of a director. It can be conceded that examining the inference underlying the response of the target audience to the misleading representations i s entirely a question of fact. Accordingly, it has ben held in the case of ACCC v Telstra (2004) that when proving whether a director gave a misleading or a deceptive information, it is vital to examine the knowledge of the audience that was being targeted and whether they mere merely made a wrong assumption. In the end although the sanctions on the director duties are clear in the corporations act and other enabling legislations the burden of proofing such cases is still left on a balance of probability and this satisfies the conclusion that was arrived at by the court that there was no any breach of the director duties. On whether the audience of the message which were the investors were actually deceived the court held that it would not matter there response but a reasonable person will reasonable believe the representations made by Forrest to be true. Reference ACCC v Telstra (2004) 208 ALR 459 ASIC v Macdonald (No 11) [2009] NSWSC 287 AstraZeneca v GSK [2006] ATPR Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd (2011) 190 FCR 364, 375 [23] Australian Competi-tion and Consumer Commission v Singtel Optus Pty Ltd [No 3](2010) 276 ALR 102 Australian Securities and Investments Commission Act 2001 (Cth) (ASIC Act) Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd [No 5] (2009) 264 ALR Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) Forrest v ASIC (2014) 276 ALR 102 Global Sportsman Pty Ltd v Mirror Newspapers Pty Ltd (1984) 2 FCR 82 Lagunas Nitrate Co v Lagunas Syndicate [1899] 2 Ch. 392 Taco Bell Co of Australia Inc v Taco Bell Pty Ltd (1982) 42 ALR 177,

Managing the Conflicts for Peaceful Co

As a body that involves daily interactions of people with different personalities, getting into conflicts is an issue that cannot be avoided. However, managing the conflicts by recognizing them before they affect the parties involved and continuously tracking them is an option that has been proven to enhance a peaceful co-existence within organizations. In addition, not all conflicts are damaging; in fact, monitored conflicts are considered healthy in an organization as they transform the competitiveness to productivity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing the Conflicts for Peaceful Co-existence specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In other words, employees are more motivated to question decisions, and seek more information in cases where conflicting parties are involved. In this case, the organization benefits from the competitiveness displayed. Nonetheless, tolerating excessive tensions among employees may res ult to absenteeism, increased turnovers, poor service provision to clients, increased work-related stress, and consequently, reduced productivity. In order to enhance a peaceful co-existence and harness the skills of different employees, an organization should have a model that determines how activities are carried out. Moreover, attitude, values, skills and goals should go hand in hand in order to enhance effectiveness in performance. Organizational behavior determines efficiency in performance, and therefore, affects productivity. By engaging employees in fun activities outside the office, one is able to not only build teamwork spirit, but also ensure that every skill is utilized to achieve the set goals. Also, motivating employees by complimenting their efforts and rewarding them with bonuses encourages them to work more efficiently, and with the right attitude. By the right attitude, it means that employees work harder to benefit the organization so that they benefit from the pr oductivity, and not working harder in order to compete with their colleagues. In an environment where people are prone to conflicts due to the nature of their jobs, the use of the grievance policy to mange conflicts has never been effective. This is because the grievance policy takes longer to respond to the complaints made by employees, and as a result, allow conflicts to build up. Also, the grievance policy does not allow the openness that is required to settle differences among employees. This policy only works effectively in cases of sexual harassments or discrimination whereby the complaint has to be reviewed by their superiors. However, in issues that involves decision making and disparities in ideas pointed out, employees need an instant system that settles their differences. Decision making is a key factor in an organization; therefore, managers ought to consult from wider sources in order to ensure that the decisions made work for the good of the organization. This means th at every opinion from the employees counts, and the manager have to weigh them impartially.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With a healthy conflict, there is always a room for creativity and a healthy exchange of ideas. Communication is therefore vital as it ensures the tranquility of the environment where employees openly share ideas without feeling threatened by their colleagues. Addressing some of the insecurities that build tensions among employees is a strategy that can be used to manage organizational behaviors. Additionally, it enhances learning and implementation of the four model strategy. This involves internal process, system resource, goal attainment, and strategic constituencies. By following up on this paradigm, there will be reduced conflicts, enhanced participation, and harnessing of skills possessed by every employee. In conclusion, managing conflicts involv es diagnosis which determines the root of the conflicts, and intervention which requires laying out solutions that manage disagreements. However, when a conflict builds up to the extent of affecting the organization, arbitration and mediation are always alternatives that can be explored. This essay on Managing the Conflicts for Peaceful Co-existence was written and submitted by user Justus Rowland to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Genghis Khan essays

Genghis Khan essays Every heroic warrior in the history of mankind has had qualities which put him above the rest. The bravery of Alexander, the determination of Hannibal, and wits of Caesar helped them achieve extreme success. None, however, could combine these qualities as well as the warrior from the windswept Gobi desert; Genghis Khan. Living the most strenuous life, he proved to the world that you can do everything with nothing. To completely understand his life, we must go back to the very beginning of his existence. Genghis Khan was originally born as Temujin in Russia around 1167. When Genghis Khan was little, his father, who was a brave chief of a small tribe was poisoned to death. With no leader left, the tribe abandoned Genghis khan and his mother. They were left alone for many years to care for themselves. Throughout these years, his family met many hardships such as shortage of food and shortage of money. Though unable to read, Genghis khan was a smart guy. His mother had told him at a very early age the importance of trust and independence. She once told him, "Remember, you have no companions but your shadow"(Grolier Encyclopedia 1995). To him, this statement meant that he should trust no one, no one but himself . He took that idea so seriously that one day he caught his own brother stealing food from the tribe they were living with. Without hesitation, he drew a sword and chopped his head off. This earned Genghis khan the essential reputation he needed to turn his life around. When the word got out, many people started admiring his attitude, and that was when he met Bogurchi. Bogurchi was a rich man and was probably the most important person in Genghis Khans life. With his help, Genghis Khan was able to put together a small army, before the age of 15. One day, he was out hunting for food and a local rival tribe member saw him. Moments later, he was ambushed and taken hostag ...

Bankruptcy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bankruptcy - Essay Example If Quick ratio, Current ratio and Times Interest Earned ratio are negative then this is an indication that the company faces liquidity problems and the creditors are not satisfied with the company's financial performance and also the creditors will not issue more debt in future (Tenk). If the company's cash outflows are higher than the cash inflows then this is an alarming situation for the company. It gives also the indication that there is any mismanagement exists in the company's operating, investing and financing activities (Tenk). 1. Implication on Current Asset: Current assets are reviewed critically after the announcement of bankruptcy. All the necessary payments to the creditors are made through sales of those assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 2. Implication on Future Assets: After bankruptcy, the company loses its money with respect to the payments made to the creditors and the money left is insufficient in order to acquire back the assets, to start running the business again in future. Moreover, time value of money and the factor of inflation also make a significant impression on the future assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 3. ... All the necessary payments to the creditors are made through sales of those assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 2. Implication on Future Assets: After bankruptcy, the company loses its money with respect to the payments made to the creditors and the money left is insufficient in order to acquire back the assets, to start running the business again in future. Moreover, time value of money and the factor of inflation also make a significant impression on the future assets. (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). 3. Implication on Future Credit: The element of bankruptcy also brings about a curse for the company as it then faces difficulty in acquiring additional debt for its future business operations. Because of bankruptcy the company's goodwill and credit ratings are also negatively impacted (Main Effects of Petitioning for Bankruptcy). PROS AND CONS OF BANKRUPTCY The advantages of bankruptcy are stated below: After filing the bankruptcy, the creditors are legally bound to stop all activities of debt collection. Filing for Bankruptcy give sthe company a fresh financial start In most of the bankruptcy cases certain categories of propertys like home, life insurance and car, are exempted in order to repayment of debt to creditor. The disadvantages of bankruptcy are stated below: Declaration of bankruptcy distorts the image and goodwill of the company. In near future the company faces difficulty financing their expenses by acquiring more debt. Due to the bankruptcy, the company's stock prices fall and there is an implication on ceasing the future business operations. Due to the effect to bankruptcy, the company loses control over its property (Bankruptcy Pros and Cons). In order to sue

Length paragraphs project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Length paragraphs project - Essay Example On the 50th anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1998), the UN also celebrated the tenth anniversary of the Vienna Convention on Drug Trafficking, and reaffirmed the resolve to intensify international efforts to eradicate this evil. This paper attempts to briefly examine the impact of laws and policies in this ongoing war, and to suggest possible changes and measures in order to accelerate the pace of international efforts in curbing the drugs menace. The war against drugs has assumed global dimensions, and almost resembles the crusades. The problem has apparently assumed alarming proportions primarily due to years of inaction by several governments, apart from the lack of clear policies, laws, and implementing machinery relating to drugs. Increasing drug use as such is not seen as the major culprit in compounding the crisis. It is estimated that in the U.S. alone, illegal drug trafficking accounts for over 8% of international trade revenues, totaling US$400 billion annually (Riley, 2001). Among other things, the evils propagated by the mushrooming drug industry include the following: â€Å"The need for an integrated approach to drug control is now well accepted, and was endorsed by the international community with the establishment in 1990 of the UN’s Global Program of Action† (Knaack, 1995, p. 349). This Program set out to implement â€Å"balanced strategies that are comprehensive and multidisciplinary in scope† and targeted at â€Å"combating all aspects of drug abuse and illicit trafficking† (1995), apart from tackling certain other related problems, such as: Unless tougher, more consistent and better-organized international action can be mounted against trafficking, we will continue to pour tens of thousands of billions of dollars into the ‘war against drugs’ without rooting out the evil. The potential profits are so enormous that major traffickers will always have an interest in stimulating demand and

Timeless Theme Present in The Crucible Essay Example for Free

Timeless Theme Present in The Crucible Essay One timeless theme found in many pieces of literature is the abuse of power. Many people who are in power, abuse their power, and commonly become corrupt or unjust due to the power. The essence of human nature is to crave power. Along with this craving of power in some humans is the corruptness and injustice when one comes into power or on ones path to achieving power. This is a timeless theme, as power and human nature have always existed in mans history. This theme may be observed in Macbeth, a play written by William Shakespeare in the early quarter of the 17th century and set in the 11th century. This can also be observed in The Crucible, written by Arthur Miller in the 20th century, and taking place in the 17th century. In the beginning, Macbeth is a virtuous man, or at least interpreted as one by those who know him. He has been thinking of power, but has not yet made any decision upon it, and it is really just a thought, a dream even, in the back of his head, which he seems to have no real intention of pursuing. One may see how Macbeth is virtuous when an injured Captain is coming back from the front, and tells Duncan and Malcolm about the battle: And Fortune, on his damnà ¨d quarrel smiling, / Showed like a rebels whore: but all s to weak; / For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name), / Disdaining Fortune, with his brandished steel, / Which smoke with bloody execution, / Like Valours minion, carved out his passage, / Till he face the slave; Which neer shook hands, nor bade farewell to him, / Till he unseamed him from the nave to the chaps, / And fixed his head upon our battlements. (Act One, Scene II, l.14-24 Shakespeare) In this story told by the captain, Macbeth is a virtuous man. The Captain qualifies Macbeth as brave and even comments on how Macbeth deserves that name. This may be considered Macbeth initial and noble stage, before power corrupted him, to the point of committing numerous atrocities for the sake of power. Macbeth however is soon corrupted by the thought of achieving supreme power over Scotland, brought forth by the witches telling him that the crown would be his. The corruptness may be seen in Macbeth mostly seen in Macbeths path to  power. The thought of obtaining power has pushed Macbeth to contemplating murder much more than before, and he stacks up the reasons of why he should not kill Duncan against the reason to kill Duncan. One can see this in a monologue early in the book: [] First , as I am his kinsman and his subject, / Strong both against this deed; then as his host, / Who should against his murder shut the door, / Not bear the knife myself. [] hath been / So clear in his great office, that his virtues / Will plead like angels, trumpet tongued, against / The deep damnation of this taking-off; / [] To prick the sides of my intent, but only / Vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself / And falls on the other - (Act One, Scene VII, l.1-28 Shakespeare) In this passage, one may understand that Macbeth realizes that the reasons not to kill are that Duncan is part of his family, that Duncan is a guest in his house, and that he is a subject of Duncan and therefore has sworn loyalty to Duncan. He then realizes that his only motive to kill Duncan is his vaulting ambition. This vaulting ambition corrupts him and seems to be enough to make him want to murder Duncan to obtain kingship, and to murder many more to keep it. Macbeths corruptness comes up many more times in the play. In order to keep his kingship, he also kills Banquo. He visits the witches again to know his fate, and they tell him to be careful of Macduff. On his return he learns news of Macduffs departure for England. In this passage, one may see how Macbeth resolves this dilemma: The castle of Macduff I will surprise, / Seize upon Fife; give th edge of the sword / His wife and babes, and all unfortunate souls / That trace him in his line. (Act four, Scene I, l.49-151 Shakespeare) This decision is an atrocious one, and is only being made in Macbeths confused fury to defend his throne. Power has corrupted Macbeth enough for him to want to hurt Macduff by any means, even if this does not benefit Macbeth other than to have Macduff suffer. This passage shows just how low Macbeth has sunk, and how twisted his actions have become since his initial stage. As one may now conclude, power strongly corrupts Macbeth. Originally he is a virtuous man, defending his homeland from rebels, yet he slowly gets transformed by power into a ravaging terror, destroying everything in his way. In The Crucible, power as a corrupting force may be seen through many characters. The girls in the Crucible tell many lies to become officials of the court. Mary Warren, for example, evidence may be seen in a scene where Mary Warren is speaking with Parris and Elizabeth: Mary Warren: You must see, sir, its Gods work we do. So Ill be gone every day for some time. Im- I am an official of the court, they and I- She has been edging toward offstage Proctor: Ill official you! He strides to the mantel, takes down the whip hanging there. Marry Warren: Ill not stand whipping any more! (59 Miller) In this passage one may see that Mary Warren seems to believe that she has gained power in the court, and we discover later, that this power was gained through lies. Originally she was considered to be part of one of the lowest classes in the Crucibles hierarchy of society, however telling these lies and giving false evidence has promoted her directly to official of the court, which is much more honorable and important than being a servant. She has therefore gained power through her corrupt practice. Another character in The Crucible who is corrupt is Danforth. He is an example of a character that has power, but then uses it unjustly. For example, in the passage where he accuses Giles of contempt one may see Danforth being unjust: Giles: I will not give you no name. I mentioned my wifes name once and Ill burn in hell long enough for that. I stand mute. Danforth: In that case, I have no choice but to arrest you for contempt of this court, do you know that? Giles: This is a hearing; you cannot clap me for contempt of a hearing. Danforth: Oh, it is a proper lawyer! Do you wish me to declare the court in full session here? Or will you give me good reply? Giles, faltering: I cannot give you no name sir, I cannot. [] Proctor, breaking in: Your Honor- he has the story in confidence sir, and he- [] Hale: We cannot blink it more. There is a prodigious fear of this court in this country- [] Danforth: [] to Giles: You are under arrest in contempt of this court. (98 Miller) In this passage one may understand how corrupt and evil Danforth is, as he has been told something by Giles in confidence, and he turns this into Giles being arrested. Both Proctor and Hale, two characters who are portrayed as virtuous and fair, defend Giles, however Danforth goes in opposition and has Giles arrested. Another way one may interpret Danforths malice is by the terror of the court which Hale calls their attention to in this passage. Danforth obviously reigns in terror and only gets respected because people are afraid of being put in jail if they oppose him, as in Giles case. A third character in The Crucible who is also corrupt is Parris. He uses his power as preacher in attempts for personal financial gain. One may see this when Proctor, a virtuous and honorable character, is telling Hale about Parris: Since we built the church there were pewter candlesticks upon the alter. [] But Parris came, and for twenty week he preach nothin but golden candlestick until he had them. I labor the earth from dawn of day to blink of night, and I tell you true, when I look to heaven and see my money glaring at his elbows- it hurt my prayer sir, It hurt my prayer. (65 Miller) In this passage one may see how selfish Parris is, and how he abuses of his position to get what he wants. We may equally see Parris when he is speaking with Giles, Proctor and Putnam about the pay he should be receiving and many other financial affairs: Parris: The salary is sixty-six pound, Mr. Proctor! I am not some preaching farmer with a book under my arm; I am a graduate of Harvard College. Giles: Aye, and well instructed in arithmetic! Parris: [] I am not used to this poverty; I left a thrifty business in the Barbados to serve the Lord. (29 Miller) In this passage one can see how Parris is trying to use his position as preacher for financial gain. This is completely in opposition with what the religion is all about, and what a preacher is meant to be doing. He is therefore, also a corrupt character in The Crucible, as he is using his power for corrupt reasons which are in opposition with the message he is meant to be transmitting. As one may now conclude in The Crucible several characters are corrupt due to power, such as Mary Warren, Danforth and Parris just to name a few. Mary Warren is tells lies to move up in society, while Danforth is unjust with  his power, and Parris uses his power for financial gain. In conclusion, a timeless theme present in both The Crucible and Macbeth is that power corrupts. Power corrupts because it is in human nature to crave power, sometimes overly so which leads one to commit terrible acts. In addition to this craving for power, in some humans, is corruptness and abuse of the power. The Crucible and Macbeth were written and set in different time periods, yet the theme that power corrupts is recurrent and is therefore a timeless theme.

decriminilization of marijuana Essay -- legal cannabis

Every year our government spends more than nineteen billion dollars to eradicate it’s use in the United States. About seventeen thousand people were arrested last year because of it. We spend twenty thousand dollars a year per inmate to hold these jailbirds captive. Who are these dangerous criminals you ask? Stoners.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One argument against the decriminalization of marijuana is why would we want to introduce another intoxicant into our society when alcohol and cigarette smoking is already so damaging? Marijuana is far less harmful to the body than cigarettes. Not to mention while it may be potentially habit forming, it is not addictive. When comparing marijuana to alcohol the differences are obvious. I would much rather be in an argument with guy that has been smoking joints all night than some dude who has spent all night pounding shots of tequila. Alcohol can alter a persons common sense. Despite this, our government trusts us with the burden of drinking responsibly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Over seventeen thousand arrests are made regarding cannabis a year. Almost ninety percent of these arrests are for simple possession, not trafficking or sale. This is an inappropriate use of valuable law enforcement resources that should be focused on more serious and violent crimes. I don’t know about you, but I would rather have a midnight toker for a neighbor than a midnight stalker. The spending of government money needs to be reevaluated. Our government needs to take a step back and admit they were mistaken to think they could successfully discontinue the use of marijuana. â€Å"You cannot have illegal what a significant segment of the population in any society is committed to doing. You simply cannot arrest, prosecute, and punish such a large number of people, particularly in a democracy† (Incardi 285). Ultimately it is not the role of the government to tell it’s adult citizens what risks to take. Bicycles kill ten thousand people a year and yet no one is proposing to make them illegal.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are benefits of legalizing marijuana, both for the government and society. One of these is that the marijuana market could be government run. The black market would be abolished, saving lives and redirecting the profits from the drug dealers’ Escalade’s new rims to the be... ...ortant. It is time we allow the many health benefits of marijuana to be utilized by those who need them. It is time we realize there are different cost effective, environment friendly and efficient ways of producing many of our most used products. All we can do is hope our government comes to its senses soon. Works Cited Page Baxter, J.W. Growing Industrial Hemp In Ontario. 27 November 2004. http://www.gov.on.ca/OMAFRA/english/crops/facts/00-067.htm Gray, Judge James P. Why Our Drug Laws Have Failed and What We Can Do About It. Philadelphia: Temple UP, 2001. HempNation. 27 November 2004. http://hempnation.com/ Incardi, James A Handbook of Drug Control in the United States. Westport: Greenwood Press, 1990. Marijuana: Fact and Fiction. 27 November 2004. http://marijuana.drug-culture.com NORML National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws. 27 November 2004. http://www.norml.org/ Scannel, Kate. Bush’s Painful Obsession With Medicinal Pot. American Alliance for   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Medicinal Cannabis, The Oakland Tribune 27 November 2004.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.letfreedomgrow.com

Attribution Theory Definition

Attribution Theory Definition Attribution theory is concerned with how people interpret events and relate them to their thinking and behavior. It's a cognitive perception which affects their motivation. This theory was first proposed in a book called, The Psychology of Interpersonal Relations by Fritz Heider in 1958. According to Heider, men behave as amateur scientists in social situations. He also said that, we generally explain behavior in two ways; either we attribute the behavior to a person or a situation. Attribution literally means a grant of responsibility. Albeit, the theory was first proposed by Heider (1958), later Edward E.Jones (1972) and Harold Kelley (1967) developed a theoretical structure, which is now seen as an epitome of social psychology. The theory divides the behavior attributes into two parts, external or internal factors. Internal attribution: When an internal attribution is made, the cause of the given behavior is within the person, i. e. the variables whic h make a person responsible like attitude, aptitude, character and personality. External attribution: When an external attribution is made, the cause of the given behavior is assigned to the situation in which the behavior was seen.The person responsible for the behavior may assign the causality to the environment or weather. In 1967, Kelley tried to explain the way people perceive internal and external attribution. He tried this, postulating the principle of co-variation. This model was known as Covariation Model. The basic principle of the covariation model states that the effect is attributed to one of the causes which co-varies over time. It also means that the behavior at various occasions varies. The covariation model considers three major types of information to make an attribution decision and to observe a person's behavior.The three types of information are: Consensus information: This responds to the fact, how people with similar stimuli behave in similar situations. If mo st people behave alike, i. e. their reactions are shared by many, the consensus is high. But, if no one or only a few people share the reactions, the consensus is low. Distinctiveness information: This is about, how a person responds to different situations. There exists a very low distinctiveness if the person reacts similarly in all or most of the situations.However, if a person reacts differently in different situations, it is said that the distinctiveness is high. Consistency information: If the response of a person to different stimulus and in varied situations remains the same, then the consistency is high. But Kelly's covariation model has some limitations. The most prominent being that, it fails to distinguish between the intentional and unintentional behavior. Read more at Buzzle:  http://www. buzzle. com/articles/attribution-theory-of-social-psychology. html Kelley's Covariation Model Kelley’s (1967) covariation model is the best known attribution theory.He develo ped a logical model for judging whether a particular action should be attributed to some characteristic (internal) of the person or the environment (external). The term covariation simply means  that a person has information from multiple observations, at different times and situations, and can perceive the covariation of an observed effect and its causes. He argues that in trying to discover the causes of behavior people act like scientists. More specifically they take into account three kinds of evidence. Kelley believed that there were three types of causal information which influenced our judgments.Low factors = dispositional (internal) attributions. * Consensus: the extent to which other people behave in the same way in a similar situation. E. g. Alison smokes a cigarette when she goes out for a meal with her friend. If her friend smokes, her behavior is high in consensus. If only Alison smokes it is low. * Distinctiveness: the extent to which the person behaves in the same w ay in similar situations. If Alison only smokes when she is out with friends, her behavior is high in distinctiveness. If she smokes at any time or place, distinctiveness is low. Consistency: the extent to which the person behaves like this every time the situation occurs. If Alison only smokes when she is out with friends, consistency is high. If she only smoke on one special occasion, consistency is low. Let’s look at an example  to help understand his particular attribution theory. Our subject is called Tom. His behavior is laughter. Tom is laughing at a comedian. 1. Consensus: Everybody in the audience is laughing. Consensus is high. If only Tom is laughing consensus is low. 2. Distinctiveness: Tom only laughs at this comedian. Distinctiveness is high.If Tom laughs at everything distinctiveness is low. 3. Consistency: Tom always laughs at this comedian. Consistency is high. Tom rarely laughs at this comedian consistency is low. Now, if everybody laughs at this comedian, if they don’t laugh at the comedian who follows and if this comedian always raises a laugh then we would make an external attribution, i. e. we assume that Tom is laughing because the comedian is very funny. On the other hand, if Tom is the only person who laughs at this comedian, if Tom laughs at all comedians and if Tom always laughs at the comedian then we would make an internal attribution, i. . we assume that Tom is laughing because he is the kind of person who laughs a lot. So what we’ve got here is people attributing causality on the basis of correlation. That is to say, we see that two things go together and we therefore assume that one causes the other. One problem however is that we may not have enough information to make that kind of judgment. For example, if we don’t know Tom that well we wouldn’t necessarily have the information to know if his behavior is consistent over time. So what do we do then?According to Kelley we fall back on past ex perience and look for either 1) Multiple necessary causes. For example, we see an athlete win a marathon and we reason that she must be very fit, highly motivated, have trained hard etc. and that she must have all of these to win 2) Multiple sufficient causes. For example, we see an athlete fail a drug test and we reason that she may be trying to cheat, or have taken a banned substance by accident or been tricked into taking it by her coach. Any one reason would be sufficient.

Advocating Elderly Americans Essay - 2589 Words

The elderly in America have many needs that can range from transportation, a little more money, and even just a little companionship but one of their major needs is advocacy. They need someone to stand up and fight with them for what the need. The elderly of today did so much for this country such things as fight both world wars and the Korean Conflict, they fought for equality, and the escalated this country to the greatness we have today. So what is an advocate? Advocate is a person or group that represents a common interest and goes to great lengths to see that their cause is not neglected. So why does our elderly need advocates? Our elderly need advocates for various reasons. They need someone to fight with congress over†¦show more content†¦Another service offered is protection against abuse and neglect. Many people such as family, friends, neighbors, and strangers who are scam artist, robbers, and murders can abuse the elderly. They also can be neglect by the same peop le but there is one more person on this list that is themselves. An older person can often neglect themselves because they don’t have the money to pay for extra bills and proper healthcare or they may even feel that those things are just a part of aging. The Office for the Aging receive many calls from concerned family members and friends of elderly that they feel that that person is being neglected or abused. The office then will investigate and review the situation and decide the proper course of action. They also provide financial counseling on things like taxes, bills, balancing a checkbook, and budgeting. Financial counselors will sit down with an older person either in their office or at the home of the elderly person discuss the best option and how to go about following through with the plan. 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